Choosing between the .405 Winchester and the .45-70 Government is a decision steeped in history and steeped in the powerful performance of these legendary cartridges. Both have earned their place in the annals of American hunting and shooting, but their distinct characteristics make them better suited for different purposes and preferences. This in-depth comparison will delve into the ballistics, recoil, applications, and overall suitability of each cartridge to help you make an informed decision.
Ballistics: Power and Performance Compared
The .405 Winchester and the .45-70 Government occupy a similar space in terms of raw power, but their ballistic profiles differ significantly.
.405 Winchester: The Speed Demon
The .405 Winchester, known for its high velocity, delivers a flatter trajectory at longer ranges. This makes it an excellent choice for long-range hunting, particularly for larger game. Its higher velocity translates to a more pronounced impact, making clean kills more likely at extended distances. However, this speed comes at the cost of increased recoil.
.45-70 Government: The Heavyweight Champion
The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, prioritizes heavy bullet weight and substantial stopping power. Its lower velocity leads to a more arched trajectory, requiring more careful range estimation. Despite its lower velocity, the massive bullet weight delivers devastating energy upon impact, making it exceptionally effective at close to medium ranges. Its heavier bullet also exhibits superior penetration, making it suitable for hunting exceptionally tough game.
| Cartridge | Caliber | Typical Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .405 Winchester | .405" | 300-400 | 2200-2400 | 3000-4000 |
| .45-70 Government | .458" | 300-500 | 1800-2200 | 2500-3500 |
Note: These are approximate figures and can vary based on the specific load and manufacturer.
Recoil: A Significant Consideration
Both cartridges are known for their substantial recoil. The .405 Winchester, due to its higher velocity, generally delivers sharper, quicker recoil. This can be more challenging for less experienced shooters. The .45-70 Government, while still powerful, delivers a slower, more manageable recoil impulse. This makes it potentially more comfortable for sustained shooting sessions. However, the sheer weight of the .45-70's projectile still makes for a substantial kick.
Applications: Hunting and Beyond
Both cartridges excel in hunting, but their ideal applications diverge:
.405 Winchester: The Long-Range Hunter
The .405 Winchester's high velocity and flat trajectory make it suitable for hunting large game at longer distances. It's a potent cartridge for elk, deer, moose, and even bear in the right hands and situations. Its accuracy at longer ranges is a significant advantage.
.45-70 Government: The Close-Range Powerhouse
The .45-70 Government shines in close to medium-range hunting situations where stopping power is paramount. Its heavy bullet weight provides superior penetration, making it effective against dangerous game like bear and boar. It is also a popular choice for hunting large, thick-skinned animals at closer ranges.
Beyond hunting, the .45-70 Government enjoys popularity in silhouette shooting competitions and black powder shooting. The .405 Winchester's usage outside hunting is far less common.
Availability and Cost: Factors to Consider
Both cartridges are readily available, though ammunition for the .405 Winchester might be slightly less common than for the .45-70 Government. Generally, both are considered relatively expensive compared to more common hunting calibers.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the .405 Winchester and the .45-70 Government ultimately depends on your hunting style, intended game, and shooting experience. The .405 Winchester prioritizes long-range accuracy and high velocity, while the .45-70 Government emphasizes devastating stopping power at closer ranges. Careful consideration of these factors will guide you to the perfect cartridge for your needs. Remember always to prioritize safety and responsible firearm handling.
