The AR-15 platform's popularity has led to a surge in interest in building your own rifle, often starting with an 80% lower receiver. This guide will delve into the intricacies of AR-15 80% lower kits, addressing legality, construction, and the overall process.
What is an AR-15 80% Lower Receiver Kit?
An AR-15 80% lower receiver kit is a partially completed lower receiver that requires machining or milling to become a functional firearm component. The "80%" designation refers to the percentage of completion; it lacks the critical features necessary to be considered a fully functional firearm under federal law. These kits typically include the unfinished lower receiver, along with necessary components like a jig (to aid in the completion process), and sometimes additional parts like the buffer tube, pistol grip, and trigger.
Key Components Often Included in an 80% Lower Kit:
- 80% Lower Receiver: The unfinished core component requiring machining.
- Jig: A crucial tool to ensure the receiver is correctly milled. Different jigs cater to different machining methods.
- Buffer Tube: Houses the buffer spring and buffer, crucial for recoil operation.
- Pistol Grip: Provides a comfortable and secure grip for the shooter.
- Trigger: The mechanism that fires the weapon. (Note: This is not always included in every kit.)
Legality of 80% Lower Receivers: A Complex Landscape
The legality of 80% lower receivers varies significantly depending on your location. Federal law generally does not regulate the sale or possession of these unfinished receivers, but individual state and local laws may impose restrictions. It is crucial to thoroughly research the laws in your jurisdiction before purchasing or completing an 80% lower receiver. Failure to comply with these laws can result in serious legal consequences.
Factors Affecting Legality:
- State Laws: Some states have specific laws regulating the sale, possession, and completion of 80% lower receivers.
- Local Ordinances: Local municipalities may also have regulations that differ from state laws.
- Completed vs. Unfinished: The legal status changes once the receiver is completed and becomes a functional firearm.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. Always consult with legal professionals to ensure compliance with applicable laws.
Completing Your AR-15 80% Lower Receiver
Completing an 80% lower requires specialized tools and knowledge. The process typically involves using a milling machine, a drill press, or other specialized tools to machine the receiver to its final form. This is not a beginner-friendly task and requires careful attention to detail to ensure the finished product is safe and reliable.
Tools and Equipment Commonly Required:
- Milling Machine or Drill Press: For precisely machining the receiver.
- Jig: To ensure accurate and consistent milling.
- Appropriate Bits and End Mills: Specific tooling is needed for the material the lower is made of.
- Safety Equipment: Eye protection, hearing protection, and dust collection are essential for safety.
Choosing the Right 80% Lower Receiver Kit
The market offers a wide variety of 80% lower receiver kits, each with its own features and price point. Factors to consider when making a selection include:
- Material: Most are made from aluminum, but some are made from other materials.
- Manufacturer: Choose reputable manufacturers known for quality and consistency.
- Included Components: Kits vary in the number of components included.
- Price: Prices range depending on features and the manufacturer.
Conclusion
Building your own AR-15 from an 80% lower receiver kit can be a rewarding experience for skilled and knowledgeable individuals. However, it is crucial to be fully aware of and compliant with all applicable federal, state, and local laws. This requires diligent research and a thorough understanding of the process and associated risks. Remember, safety and legality should always be paramount.
